Wednesday, December 5, 2018

AUG 18 SOC Swachh Bharat Missio PM Jan Arogya Abhiyan

. NE W I NI TI ATI V E S UNDE R SWACHH BHAR A T MI SSI ON (U)

Why in news?

Ministery of Housing & Urban Affairs recently launched Swachh Survekshan 2019, SBM ODF+ and SBM ODF++ Protocols and web-based citizen engagement platform Swachh Manch.

Swachh Survekshan 2019

This fourth edition Swachh Survekshan 2019 aims to increase the coverage of the ranking exercise to all cities under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban. (Swachh Survekshan 2018 ranked 4,203 Cities.)
The  distinctive  features  of  the  survey  includes  encouraging  large  scale  citizen  participation,  ensuring sustainability of initiatives taken towards garbage free and open defecation free cities, providing credible outcomes which would be validated by third party certification etc.

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Data will be collected from 4 broad sources – ‘Service Level Progress’, Direct Observation, Citizens Feedback and Certification(newly introduced). Certification will done on two different components-
o Star Rating of Garbage Free Cities (20% weightage of marks)- It includes components such as cleanliness of drains & water bodies, plastic waste management, managing construction & demolition waste, etc. which are critical drivers for achieving garbage free cities.
o  Open Defecation Free Protocols (5% weightage)

SBM ODF+ and ODF++ Protocol

The original ODF protocol, issued in March 2016, said, “A city/ward is notified as ODF city/ward if, at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating in the open. With 18 states / UTs and 3,223 cities declared ODF. The ODF+ and ODF++ protocols are the next step for the SBM-U and aim to ensure sustainability in sanitation outcomes.
•    The ODF+ protocol says that a city, ward or work circle
could be declared ODF+ if, “at any point of the day, not a
single person is found defecating and/or urinating in the open, and all community and public toilets are functional and well-maintained.”
The  ODF++  protocol  adds  the  condition  that  “faecal sludge/septage   and  sewage  is  safely  managed  and

Including Public Urination in New Protocol
This is the first time that the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) is officially including the elimination of public urination in its agenda.
The Mission is focussed on infrastructure and regulatory changes, on the assumption that this     will     lead     to     behaviour    change. It is believed that in the case of urban areas, the problem is not one of usage, but of availability.
In cities, if toilets are available, accessible and clean, people will automatically use them rather         than         using         the         road. However, some have criticised this pointing out that public urination, especially by men, is almost entirely a behaviour change issue and it is currently impractical to include urination.
treated, with no discharging and/or dumping of untreated faecal sludge/septage and sewage in drains, water bodies or open areas.”
•    Thus,  the  SBM  ODF+  protocol  focuses  on  sustaining  community/  public  toilet  usage  by  ensuring  their
functionality, cleanliness and maintenance while SBM ODF++ will focus on achieving sanitation sustainability
by addressing complete sanitation value chain, including safe containment, processing and disposal of faecal
sludge and septage.

Swachh Manch web portal

It is a web-based platform which aims to bring together every stakeholder contributing to the Swachh Bharat Mission under a common platform. It will allow stakeholders to create/invite/participate  in volunteering opportunities around neighborhoods.
It will enable uploads of pictorial evidence of citizens and organizations participating in the initiatives, as well as record the number  of hours volunteered,  as acknowledgement  of citizens’/organisations’  efforts and contributions to the cause of ‘swachhata’.
•    The Swachh Manch will also be integrated with the existing Swachhata App to act as a citizens’ grievance
redressal platform.

7.7. PR ADHA N MANTR I JA N AR OGY A Y OJA NA

Why in news?

PMJAY has become the first healthcare scheme with Privacy policy.

Background
This scheme was earlier announced in 2018 budget speech as PM Jan Arogya Abhiyan within the umbrella scheme of Ayushman Bharat (National Health Protection Mission).
A miniature version of this scheme is already going on in Telangana from years. The entire IT platform used for this scheme will be outsourced from there.

PMJAY and Data Protection
Since  the  scheme  is  based  on  Aadhar,  several  recommendations  of  Srikrishna  Committee  has  been incorporated and Right to Privacy has been kept intact.
The scheme will have its own Data Privacy Policy (Psudonymisation, anonymistaion and data minimisation, etc. will be done along with encryption, firewalls, etc. at various level).

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Digital  health  data  will  not  be  disclosed  for commercial  purposes,  or  to  insurers, employers, or pharma companies.
People  will  have  right  to  request  access  to copies of their personal data, information on the processing activities carried out with it, request restriction of access or even withdraw consent.

Challenges

•   Smooth   coordination   between   Centre   and
State will be required.
Smooth coordination between ministries and various schemes will also be required e.g. National Skill Development Corporation and National Health Agency has recently signed an MoU for skill development of Arogyamitras under PMJAY.
•   States will have to develop a robust IT System.
Only  Six  States  have  the  administrative  and
technological    capacity    to   implement    this scheme now.
Data  Privacy  is  an  emerging  concept,  and therefore  the  system  will  have  to  evolve  in accordance     with    the    development     in technology  and  use/disclosure  of  data  to private sector will require strict regulation.
•   The system is based on Artificial Intelligence.
Therefore,   an   ethical   algorithm   will   be
required so that the system does not discriminate  on the basis of religion, caste, class, sex, etc.

For details about Ayushman Bharat and NHA, kindly refer to February, 2018 current affairs magazine of Vision IAS.

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