. NE W I NI TI ATI V E S UNDE R SWACHH BHAR A T MI SSI ON (U)
Why in news?
Ministery of Housing & Urban Affairs recently launched Swachh Survekshan 2019, SBM ODF+ and SBM ODF++ Protocols and web-based citizen engagement platform Swachh Manch.
Swachh Survekshan 2019
• This fourth edition Swachh Survekshan 2019 aims to increase the coverage of the ranking exercise to all cities under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban. (Swachh Survekshan 2018 ranked 4,203 Cities.)
• The distinctive features of the survey includes encouraging large scale citizen participation, ensuring sustainability of initiatives taken towards garbage free and open defecation free cities, providing credible outcomes which would be validated by third party certification etc.
73 ©Vision IAS
• Data will be collected from 4 broad sources – ‘Service Level Progress’, Direct Observation, Citizens Feedback and Certification(newly introduced). Certification will done on two different components-
o Star Rating of Garbage Free Cities (20% weightage of marks)- It includes components such as cleanliness of drains & water bodies, plastic waste management, managing construction & demolition waste, etc. which are critical drivers for achieving garbage free cities.
o Open Defecation Free Protocols (5% weightage)
SBM ODF+ and ODF++ Protocol
• The original ODF protocol, issued in March 2016, said, “A city/ward is notified as ODF city/ward if, at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating in the open. With 18 states / UTs and 3,223 cities declared ODF. The ODF+ and ODF++ protocols are the next step for the SBM-U and aim to ensure sustainability in sanitation outcomes.
• The ODF+ protocol says that a city, ward or work circle
could be declared ODF+ if, “at any point of the day, not a
single person is found defecating and/or urinating in the open, and all community and public toilets are functional and well-maintained.”
• The ODF++ protocol adds the condition that “faecal sludge/septage and sewage is safely managed and
Including Public Urination in New Protocol
• This is the first time that the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) is officially including the elimination of public urination in its agenda.
• The Mission is focussed on infrastructure and regulatory changes, on the assumption that this will lead to behaviour change. It is believed that in the case of urban areas, the problem is not one of usage, but of availability.
• In cities, if toilets are available, accessible and clean, people will automatically use them rather than using the road. However, some have criticised this pointing out that public urination, especially by men, is almost entirely a behaviour change issue and it is currently impractical to include urination.
treated, with no discharging and/or dumping of untreated faecal sludge/septage and sewage in drains, water bodies or open areas.”
• Thus, the SBM ODF+ protocol focuses on sustaining community/ public toilet usage by ensuring their
functionality, cleanliness and maintenance while SBM ODF++ will focus on achieving sanitation sustainability
by addressing complete sanitation value chain, including safe containment, processing and disposal of faecal
sludge and septage.
Swachh Manch web portal
• It is a web-based platform which aims to bring together every stakeholder contributing to the Swachh Bharat Mission under a common platform. It will allow stakeholders to create/invite/participate in volunteering opportunities around neighborhoods.
• It will enable uploads of pictorial evidence of citizens and organizations participating in the initiatives, as well as record the number of hours volunteered, as acknowledgement of citizens’/organisations’ efforts and contributions to the cause of ‘swachhata’.
• The Swachh Manch will also be integrated with the existing Swachhata App to act as a citizens’ grievance
redressal platform.
7.7. PR ADHA N MANTR I JA N AR OGY A Y OJA NA
Why in news?
PMJAY has become the first healthcare scheme with Privacy policy.
Background
• This scheme was earlier announced in 2018 budget speech as PM Jan Arogya Abhiyan within the umbrella scheme of Ayushman Bharat (National Health Protection Mission).
• A miniature version of this scheme is already going on in Telangana from years. The entire IT platform used for this scheme will be outsourced from there.
PMJAY and Data Protection
• Since the scheme is based on Aadhar, several recommendations of Srikrishna Committee has been incorporated and Right to Privacy has been kept intact.
• The scheme will have its own Data Privacy Policy (Psudonymisation, anonymistaion and data minimisation, etc. will be done along with encryption, firewalls, etc. at various level).
74 ©Vision IAS
• Digital health data will not be disclosed for commercial purposes, or to insurers, employers, or pharma companies.
• People will have right to request access to copies of their personal data, information on the processing activities carried out with it, request restriction of access or even withdraw consent.
Challenges
• Smooth coordination between Centre and
State will be required.
• Smooth coordination between ministries and various schemes will also be required e.g. National Skill Development Corporation and National Health Agency has recently signed an MoU for skill development of Arogyamitras under PMJAY.
• States will have to develop a robust IT System.
Only Six States have the administrative and
technological capacity to implement this scheme now.
• Data Privacy is an emerging concept, and therefore the system will have to evolve in accordance with the development in technology and use/disclosure of data to private sector will require strict regulation.
• The system is based on Artificial Intelligence.
Therefore, an ethical algorithm will be
required so that the system does not discriminate on the basis of religion, caste, class, sex, etc.
For details about Ayushman Bharat and NHA, kindly refer to February, 2018 current affairs magazine of Vision IAS.
Why in news?
Ministery of Housing & Urban Affairs recently launched Swachh Survekshan 2019, SBM ODF+ and SBM ODF++ Protocols and web-based citizen engagement platform Swachh Manch.
Swachh Survekshan 2019
• This fourth edition Swachh Survekshan 2019 aims to increase the coverage of the ranking exercise to all cities under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban. (Swachh Survekshan 2018 ranked 4,203 Cities.)
• The distinctive features of the survey includes encouraging large scale citizen participation, ensuring sustainability of initiatives taken towards garbage free and open defecation free cities, providing credible outcomes which would be validated by third party certification etc.
73 ©Vision IAS
• Data will be collected from 4 broad sources – ‘Service Level Progress’, Direct Observation, Citizens Feedback and Certification(newly introduced). Certification will done on two different components-
o Star Rating of Garbage Free Cities (20% weightage of marks)- It includes components such as cleanliness of drains & water bodies, plastic waste management, managing construction & demolition waste, etc. which are critical drivers for achieving garbage free cities.
o Open Defecation Free Protocols (5% weightage)
SBM ODF+ and ODF++ Protocol
• The original ODF protocol, issued in March 2016, said, “A city/ward is notified as ODF city/ward if, at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating in the open. With 18 states / UTs and 3,223 cities declared ODF. The ODF+ and ODF++ protocols are the next step for the SBM-U and aim to ensure sustainability in sanitation outcomes.
• The ODF+ protocol says that a city, ward or work circle
could be declared ODF+ if, “at any point of the day, not a
single person is found defecating and/or urinating in the open, and all community and public toilets are functional and well-maintained.”
• The ODF++ protocol adds the condition that “faecal sludge/septage and sewage is safely managed and
Including Public Urination in New Protocol
• This is the first time that the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) is officially including the elimination of public urination in its agenda.
• The Mission is focussed on infrastructure and regulatory changes, on the assumption that this will lead to behaviour change. It is believed that in the case of urban areas, the problem is not one of usage, but of availability.
• In cities, if toilets are available, accessible and clean, people will automatically use them rather than using the road. However, some have criticised this pointing out that public urination, especially by men, is almost entirely a behaviour change issue and it is currently impractical to include urination.
treated, with no discharging and/or dumping of untreated faecal sludge/septage and sewage in drains, water bodies or open areas.”
• Thus, the SBM ODF+ protocol focuses on sustaining community/ public toilet usage by ensuring their
functionality, cleanliness and maintenance while SBM ODF++ will focus on achieving sanitation sustainability
by addressing complete sanitation value chain, including safe containment, processing and disposal of faecal
sludge and septage.
Swachh Manch web portal
• It is a web-based platform which aims to bring together every stakeholder contributing to the Swachh Bharat Mission under a common platform. It will allow stakeholders to create/invite/participate in volunteering opportunities around neighborhoods.
• It will enable uploads of pictorial evidence of citizens and organizations participating in the initiatives, as well as record the number of hours volunteered, as acknowledgement of citizens’/organisations’ efforts and contributions to the cause of ‘swachhata’.
• The Swachh Manch will also be integrated with the existing Swachhata App to act as a citizens’ grievance
redressal platform.
7.7. PR ADHA N MANTR I JA N AR OGY A Y OJA NA
Why in news?
PMJAY has become the first healthcare scheme with Privacy policy.
Background
• This scheme was earlier announced in 2018 budget speech as PM Jan Arogya Abhiyan within the umbrella scheme of Ayushman Bharat (National Health Protection Mission).
• A miniature version of this scheme is already going on in Telangana from years. The entire IT platform used for this scheme will be outsourced from there.
PMJAY and Data Protection
• Since the scheme is based on Aadhar, several recommendations of Srikrishna Committee has been incorporated and Right to Privacy has been kept intact.
• The scheme will have its own Data Privacy Policy (Psudonymisation, anonymistaion and data minimisation, etc. will be done along with encryption, firewalls, etc. at various level).
74 ©Vision IAS
• Digital health data will not be disclosed for commercial purposes, or to insurers, employers, or pharma companies.
• People will have right to request access to copies of their personal data, information on the processing activities carried out with it, request restriction of access or even withdraw consent.
Challenges
• Smooth coordination between Centre and
State will be required.
• Smooth coordination between ministries and various schemes will also be required e.g. National Skill Development Corporation and National Health Agency has recently signed an MoU for skill development of Arogyamitras under PMJAY.
• States will have to develop a robust IT System.
Only Six States have the administrative and
technological capacity to implement this scheme now.
• Data Privacy is an emerging concept, and therefore the system will have to evolve in accordance with the development in technology and use/disclosure of data to private sector will require strict regulation.
• The system is based on Artificial Intelligence.
Therefore, an ethical algorithm will be
required so that the system does not discriminate on the basis of religion, caste, class, sex, etc.
For details about Ayushman Bharat and NHA, kindly refer to February, 2018 current affairs magazine of Vision IAS.
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