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National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF)
DM Act 2005 provides for constitution of NDRF for meeting any threatening disaster management situation or disaster. Accordingly, DM Division issued notification for the constitution of NDRF. The Finance Ministry has also issued guidelines to the state for operation of NDRF. The Government of India raised this Fund by levying the “National Calamity Contingency Duty” on imported petrol and products, crude oil, motor cars, imported multi utility vehicles, two wheelers, mobile phones, pan masala and certain specific tobacco products.
Additional Financial Assistance: Over and above the provisions of the SDRF, funding is provided from the NDRF in the wake of calamities of severe nature.
Disaster Response Reserve
In the context of disaster relief, the 13th Finance Commission has observed that procurement of relief materials on short notice is often associated with premium in pricing and could adversely impact quality. The Commission also felt that a national inventory of equipment and material should be maintained for providing immediate relief. It is advisable to keep an inventory of items such as life-saving equipment and tents etc. with the NDRF. The Commission has accordingly recommended an initial grant of 250 crores in the form of a revolving fund to be
provided to the NDRF for this purpose. Whenever these items are used for responding to a calamity, the cost (or rent for those items that can be reused) should be booked to the overall cost of relief operations incurred by the state government and the inventory replenished on a regular basis. A proposal to constitute this fund along with guidelines for its operations is under consideration of the government.
Capacity Building Grant
On the recommendation of the 13th Finance Commission, 525 crore has been allocated to the states for taking up activities for building capacity in the administrative machinery. The guidelines provide for preparation of an action plan for the entire period of 2010-15 as well as action plans for each financial year. These plans would inter alia include items for training and capacity building of stakeholders and functionaries in states, preparation of disaster management plans based on hazard, risk and vulnerability analysis and setting up and strengthening of emergency operations centres in states.
Environmental Relief Fund
In exercise of the powers conferred by Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, the Central Government has established the Environment Relief Fund Scheme in 2008.
Hyogo Framework of Action 2005-2015 Three Strategic Goals:
• The more effective integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies, planning and programming at all levels, with a special emphasis on disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness and vulnerability reduction.
• The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities at all levels in particular at the community level that can systematically contribute to building resilience to hazards.
• The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the design and implementation of emergency preparedness, response and recovery programmes in the reconstruction of the affected communities.
Five Priority Action Areas:
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation,
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning,
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels,
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors,
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.
Key Activities:
• Promote socio-economic development practices,
• Land-use planning and other technical measures, Disaster Management in India
• Strengthening of institutional and technical capacities,
• Review and implement preparedness and contingency plans,
• Promote voluntarism and community participation,
• Creation of provision of emergency funds,
• Dialogue, coordination and exchange of information between disaster managers and development sectors.
SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC)
SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) was set up in October 2006 at the premises of National Institute of Disaster Management in New Delhi.
The Centre has the mandate to serve all eight Member Countries of South Asia Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) - by providing policy advice and facilitating capacity building services including strategic learning, research, training, system development and exchange of information for effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) and management in South Asia. The Centre has developed its network with various organisations and institutions in the South Asian countries for research, documentation training and capacity building. and to promote better cooperation and understanding amongst the countries for holistic management of disasters.
Recent Initiatives: The 11th five year plan document of Government of India gave impetus to mainstreaming disaster risk reduction as one of the priority programmes in the development planning process and disaster management. “Building Back Better” has become the underlining principle in any post disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation programme implemented by Government of India. As mentioned in the report of the working group on Disaster Management for the 11th plan and also in the various initiatives towards this effort, the way forward can be divided in the following major areas –
• Policy guidelines at the macro level that would inform and guide the preparation and implementation of disaster management and development plans across sectors,
• Building in a culture of preparedness and mitigation,
• Operational guidelines of integrating disaster management practices into development, and specific developmental schemes for prevention and mitigation of disasters,
• Having robust early warning systems coupled with effective response plans at district, state and national levels.
• Building capacity of all stakeholders,
• Involving the community, NGOs, CSOs and the media at all stages of DM,
• Addressing gender issues in disaster management planning and developing a strategy for inclusive approach addressing the disadvantaged sections of the society towards disaster risk reduction, and
• Addressing climate risk management through adaptation and mitigation.
Suggested Steps
To achieve results in these key identified areas, the following suggested steps should be integral to all stages of DM:
• developing a culture of prevention by introducing disaster management in school curricula
• professional courses and enhancing the capacity of disaster managers by strengthening training facilities for disaster management
• creating mass awareness by disseminating knowledge about the hazards and risks and promoting coping capacities of the communities through community based disaster risk management for better preparedness
• fostering social and gender equality in disaster risk reduction by planning and focusing on the needs of the disadvantaged sections of the society.
The summarised list of actions that needs to be taken is as follows:
Developing a Centralised Database
In collaboration with the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) an integrated Centralised Disaster database requires to be developed. Data collection on standardised format should be the responsibility of the concerned state government. Such database would facilitate researchers and decision makers to undertake range of analyses to better understand the linkages between disaster management and other sectors that would help in taking up informed risk reduction activities as well as to understand the impact of disasters on economy.
National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF)
DM Act 2005 provides for constitution of NDRF for meeting any threatening disaster management situation or disaster. Accordingly, DM Division issued notification for the constitution of NDRF. The Finance Ministry has also issued guidelines to the state for operation of NDRF. The Government of India raised this Fund by levying the “National Calamity Contingency Duty” on imported petrol and products, crude oil, motor cars, imported multi utility vehicles, two wheelers, mobile phones, pan masala and certain specific tobacco products.
Additional Financial Assistance: Over and above the provisions of the SDRF, funding is provided from the NDRF in the wake of calamities of severe nature.
Disaster Response Reserve
In the context of disaster relief, the 13th Finance Commission has observed that procurement of relief materials on short notice is often associated with premium in pricing and could adversely impact quality. The Commission also felt that a national inventory of equipment and material should be maintained for providing immediate relief. It is advisable to keep an inventory of items such as life-saving equipment and tents etc. with the NDRF. The Commission has accordingly recommended an initial grant of 250 crores in the form of a revolving fund to be
provided to the NDRF for this purpose. Whenever these items are used for responding to a calamity, the cost (or rent for those items that can be reused) should be booked to the overall cost of relief operations incurred by the state government and the inventory replenished on a regular basis. A proposal to constitute this fund along with guidelines for its operations is under consideration of the government.
Capacity Building Grant
On the recommendation of the 13th Finance Commission, 525 crore has been allocated to the states for taking up activities for building capacity in the administrative machinery. The guidelines provide for preparation of an action plan for the entire period of 2010-15 as well as action plans for each financial year. These plans would inter alia include items for training and capacity building of stakeholders and functionaries in states, preparation of disaster management plans based on hazard, risk and vulnerability analysis and setting up and strengthening of emergency operations centres in states.
Environmental Relief Fund
In exercise of the powers conferred by Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, the Central Government has established the Environment Relief Fund Scheme in 2008.
Hyogo Framework of Action 2005-2015 Three Strategic Goals:
• The more effective integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies, planning and programming at all levels, with a special emphasis on disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness and vulnerability reduction.
• The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities at all levels in particular at the community level that can systematically contribute to building resilience to hazards.
• The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the design and implementation of emergency preparedness, response and recovery programmes in the reconstruction of the affected communities.
Five Priority Action Areas:
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation,
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning,
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels,
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors,
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.
Key Activities:
• Promote socio-economic development practices,
• Land-use planning and other technical measures, Disaster Management in India
• Strengthening of institutional and technical capacities,
• Review and implement preparedness and contingency plans,
• Promote voluntarism and community participation,
• Creation of provision of emergency funds,
• Dialogue, coordination and exchange of information between disaster managers and development sectors.
SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC)
SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) was set up in October 2006 at the premises of National Institute of Disaster Management in New Delhi.
The Centre has the mandate to serve all eight Member Countries of South Asia Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) - by providing policy advice and facilitating capacity building services including strategic learning, research, training, system development and exchange of information for effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) and management in South Asia. The Centre has developed its network with various organisations and institutions in the South Asian countries for research, documentation training and capacity building. and to promote better cooperation and understanding amongst the countries for holistic management of disasters.
Recent Initiatives: The 11th five year plan document of Government of India gave impetus to mainstreaming disaster risk reduction as one of the priority programmes in the development planning process and disaster management. “Building Back Better” has become the underlining principle in any post disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation programme implemented by Government of India. As mentioned in the report of the working group on Disaster Management for the 11th plan and also in the various initiatives towards this effort, the way forward can be divided in the following major areas –
• Policy guidelines at the macro level that would inform and guide the preparation and implementation of disaster management and development plans across sectors,
• Building in a culture of preparedness and mitigation,
• Operational guidelines of integrating disaster management practices into development, and specific developmental schemes for prevention and mitigation of disasters,
• Having robust early warning systems coupled with effective response plans at district, state and national levels.
• Building capacity of all stakeholders,
• Involving the community, NGOs, CSOs and the media at all stages of DM,
• Addressing gender issues in disaster management planning and developing a strategy for inclusive approach addressing the disadvantaged sections of the society towards disaster risk reduction, and
• Addressing climate risk management through adaptation and mitigation.
Suggested Steps
To achieve results in these key identified areas, the following suggested steps should be integral to all stages of DM:
• developing a culture of prevention by introducing disaster management in school curricula
• professional courses and enhancing the capacity of disaster managers by strengthening training facilities for disaster management
• creating mass awareness by disseminating knowledge about the hazards and risks and promoting coping capacities of the communities through community based disaster risk management for better preparedness
• fostering social and gender equality in disaster risk reduction by planning and focusing on the needs of the disadvantaged sections of the society.
The summarised list of actions that needs to be taken is as follows:
Developing a Centralised Database
In collaboration with the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) an integrated Centralised Disaster database requires to be developed. Data collection on standardised format should be the responsibility of the concerned state government. Such database would facilitate researchers and decision makers to undertake range of analyses to better understand the linkages between disaster management and other sectors that would help in taking up informed risk reduction activities as well as to understand the impact of disasters on economy.
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