Tuesday, June 11, 2019

UPSC ANCIENT HISTORY 1-36

1.

Sindhu is the name of the Indus River, mentioned in the Rig-Veda.

Neighboring Arabs, Iranians uttered 's' as 'h' and called this land Hindu.
Greeks pronounced this name as Indus.

2. 
composed some hymns of the Vedas Brahmavadini are
Lopamudra
Vishwawara,
Sikta,
Nivavari,
Ghosha and
Maitreyi.

3. 
248 A.D. is Kalachuri era.

58BC Vikram era was startedby king Vikramaditya.

78AD Shaka era was started by Kanishka.

320AD Gupta era was started by Chandragupta-I.


4. 
In Sanskrit plays of Gupta period women and Sudras speak prakrit
and  Elite class speak Sanskrit.

5.
  In the year 1915 near a village called Maski in Raichur District of

Karnataka, a rock inscription was discovered on a hill.

In this inscription for the first time the name of Ashoka was found with

titles like
 Devanampriya and Priyadarshi.


6.  Yavanas were Indo-Greeks.
They liked pepper,
that is why pepper was known as Yavanapriya.

7.  Anuvrata was the five main teachings of Jainism-
Ahimsa,
Asateya,
Aparigraha,
Satya and
Brahmacharya

8.
According to Mimamsa system of philosophy,liberation is possible by means by

karma


9.
 Four handed Bronze icon of Nataraja is the
finest example of Chola sculpture.

10. 
A complete Yuga
starts with the Satya Yuga(Krita),
via Treta Yuga
and Dvapara Yuga
into a Kali Yuga.
STDK

11. 
Devadasi is a girl "dedicated" to worship and service of a deity or a temple

for the rest of her life.
They were Considered the human wife of Lord Jagannath.

12.
 Sapta Sindhu play a prominent part in the hymns of the Rigveda, and

consequently in early Vedic religion.

13. 
Therigatha was a part of the Buddhist literature.

Early Jains literature is
Acarangasutra
Sutrakritanga
Brihatkalpasutra

14. 
Common to both
Buddhism and Jainism
Both denied the authority of the Vedas and the
necessity of performing sacrifices and rituals.
Both of them were opposed to animal sacrifices.

15. 
Kosa was used for treasury and the
Kula Vamsa Gotra related to family.

16. 
Susrutha Samhita was written by Susrutha.
He was said to have been the best surgeon during the Gupta period.

Bharhut sculptures was invariably used green schist as the medium

18. 
Vishakhadatta wrote a drama named “MudraRakshasa”.
Varahamihira wrote Astronomy
Brahmagupta wrote  Mathematics

19. 
Arthashastra was written by Kautilya.
allows divorce to a wife deserted by her husband
 In this book 'Moksha' has been used for divorce.

20. 
Badami was also known as Vatapi in Bijapur district of Karnataka.
Panamalai or Kanchi in Tamil Nadu was the capital of Pallavas.
Chandella in Khajuraho
Gupta in Deogarh

21.
Ashoka stone pillars were meant to spread his Dhamma
(not the part of architectural structure.)
 These are highly polished
 These are monolithic
 The shaft of pillars is tapering in shape

22. 
Kharosthi script was deciphered by James Prinsep (1799–1840),
using the bilingual coins of the Indo-Greek period.
Kharosthi script of ancient India was written from right to left

This in turn led to the reading of the Edicts of Ashoka, some of which, from

the northwest of the Asian subcontinent, were written in the Kharosthi script.

23. 
Kathopanishad is the conversation between
Nachiketa and Yamraj (God of  death).
Nachiketa was a seeker, and Yamraj was a Guru (knower of secrets).

24.
Milindapanho wasn’t written by one person.
It is the collected dialogue between the Indo-Greek king Milinda (or Meander)

and the Buddhist sage Nagasena.

25. 
Maski, Gurjara, Nettur and Udegolam
inscriptions mention the personal name of Ashoka.

26. 

Matsya Mahajanapada comprised the present day  Jaipur-Bharatapur-Alwar area of

Rajasthan,

Avanti was one of the most important ones and its core area comprises the

present-day Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh.

Vatsa with its capital at Kausambi was another powerful Mahajanapada, annexed

by Magadha.

Anga Mahajanapada was in Gangetic valley.

27. 
 In the Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisatva  Avalokitesvara was also known as

Padmapani

Avalokiteśvara is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.

He is one of the more widely revered bodhisattvas in mainstream Mahayana

Buddhism.

In Sanskrit, Avalokitesvara is also referred to as Padmapāni (“Holder of the

Lotus”) or Lokeśvara (“Lord of the World”).

28.
Rupaka was a silver coin of Gupta period.
16 Rupaka was equal to 1 gold coin.

29. 
Varahamihira also wrote Panchasiddhantika; Brihat-Samhita
Vishakhadatta also wrote Mudra Rakshasa.Devi-Chandraguptam
Sudraka  wrote  Mrichchha-Katikam
Bilhana  wrote  Vikramankadeva-Charita


30. 
A manigramam was a large, influential guild of South Indian merchants during

the period of Western Chalukyan rulers in 10th – 12th Century CE.

31.  The Saka era started in 78 AD,
while Vikram era started from 58 BC.

The Badami rock inscription of Pulakesin I is dated in the Saka year 465.

rock inscription of Pulakesin I to Vikram era, it will 601 Vikram Samvat.

32.
Many of the Greeks, Kushanas and Shakas embraced Buddhism rather than Hinduism

because caste ridden Hinduism did not attract them.

33.
The Ashoka major rock edicts which tell us about the
Sangam Kingdom include rock edicts 2 13.

The 2 and 13 rock edicts mention the southern kingdoms of Chola, Pandya, Satyaputra, Keralaputra and Tambapanni.

34. 
Buddhacharita was written by Ashvaghosh.
Mrichchakatikam was written by Shudraka
Mudrarakshasha was written by Vishakadatta
Harshacharita was written by Banabhatta

35. 
 appeared in India?
 Urban culture
 Iron plough
 Punch marked silver coins
 Gold coins

36.

Ashoka’s edicts put stress on social harmony among the people  by spreading ideas of equity instead of promotion of religion.

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