Election Results
CONGRESS won 57 out of 102 seats in Central Assembly — got majority in
Madras, Bombay, UP, Bihar, Orissa and Central Provinces and coalition
partner with Unionists and Akalis in Punjab.
MUSLIM LEAGUE won 30 reserved seats in Central Assembly—got majority in
Bengal, Sindh.
Why British Withdrawal Seemed Imminent by 1946
1. Success of nationalist forces in struggle for hegemony.
2. Demoralisation among bureaucracy and the loyalist sections.
3. Limitations of British strategy of conciliation and repression.
4. Demands of leniency for INA by armymen and RIN ratings' revolt.
5. An entirely official rule was impossible.
Main Aim of Government Policy Now
A graceful withdrawal after settlement on modalities of transfer of
power, and post-imperial Indo-British relations.
CABINET MISSION Proposals
Rejection of Pakistan.
Grouping of existing assemblies into three sections A, B, C.
Three-tier executive and legislature at province, princely states and
union level Provincial assemblies to elect a constituent assembly.
Common centre for defence, communications, external affairs.
Provinces to have autonomy and residual powers.
Princely states free to have an arrangement with the successor
government or the British Government In future, a province free to come
out of the section or the union Meanwhile, an interim government to be
formed from constituent assembly.
Interpretation
Congress claimed that the grouping was optional while the League thought
that the grouping was compulsory. Mission decided the matter in the
League's favour.
Acceptance League, followed by Congress, accepted Cabinet Mission
proposals in June 1946.
Further Developments: July 1946 League withdrew from the Plan after
Nehru's press statement, and gave a call for "direct action" from August
16, 1946.
September 1946 An Interim Government headed by Nehru sworn in.
October 1946 League joins Interim Government and follows an
obstructionist approach.
February 1947 Congress members demand removal of
League members; League demands dissolution of Constituent Assembly.
ATTLEE'S STATEMENT (FEBRUARY 20, 1947) June 30, 1948 as deadline for
transfer of power.
Power may be transferred to one centre or in some areas to existing
provincial governments.
MOUNTBATTEN PLAN JUNE 3, 1947
Punjab and Bengal Assemblies to take decision on partition. Sindh to take
its own decision Referendum to be held in NWFP and Sylhet district.
Two dominions to be created if partition is to take place, with two
Constituent Assemblies.
Freedom to be granted on August 15, 1947
JULY 18, 1947 British Parliament passes the "Indian Independence Act
1947" which is implemented on August 15, 1947.
CONGRESS won 57 out of 102 seats in Central Assembly — got majority in
Madras, Bombay, UP, Bihar, Orissa and Central Provinces and coalition
partner with Unionists and Akalis in Punjab.
MUSLIM LEAGUE won 30 reserved seats in Central Assembly—got majority in
Bengal, Sindh.
Why British Withdrawal Seemed Imminent by 1946
1. Success of nationalist forces in struggle for hegemony.
2. Demoralisation among bureaucracy and the loyalist sections.
3. Limitations of British strategy of conciliation and repression.
4. Demands of leniency for INA by armymen and RIN ratings' revolt.
5. An entirely official rule was impossible.
Main Aim of Government Policy Now
A graceful withdrawal after settlement on modalities of transfer of
power, and post-imperial Indo-British relations.
CABINET MISSION Proposals
Rejection of Pakistan.
Grouping of existing assemblies into three sections A, B, C.
Three-tier executive and legislature at province, princely states and
union level Provincial assemblies to elect a constituent assembly.
Common centre for defence, communications, external affairs.
Provinces to have autonomy and residual powers.
Princely states free to have an arrangement with the successor
government or the British Government In future, a province free to come
out of the section or the union Meanwhile, an interim government to be
formed from constituent assembly.
Interpretation
Congress claimed that the grouping was optional while the League thought
that the grouping was compulsory. Mission decided the matter in the
League's favour.
Acceptance League, followed by Congress, accepted Cabinet Mission
proposals in June 1946.
Further Developments: July 1946 League withdrew from the Plan after
Nehru's press statement, and gave a call for "direct action" from August
16, 1946.
September 1946 An Interim Government headed by Nehru sworn in.
October 1946 League joins Interim Government and follows an
obstructionist approach.
February 1947 Congress members demand removal of
League members; League demands dissolution of Constituent Assembly.
ATTLEE'S STATEMENT (FEBRUARY 20, 1947) June 30, 1948 as deadline for
transfer of power.
Power may be transferred to one centre or in some areas to existing
provincial governments.
MOUNTBATTEN PLAN JUNE 3, 1947
Punjab and Bengal Assemblies to take decision on partition. Sindh to take
its own decision Referendum to be held in NWFP and Sylhet district.
Two dominions to be created if partition is to take place, with two
Constituent Assemblies.
Freedom to be granted on August 15, 1947
JULY 18, 1947 British Parliament passes the "Indian Independence Act
1947" which is implemented on August 15, 1947.
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