Gs2

General Studies -II: 250 Marks (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)

Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.

Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries

Parliament and State Legislatures - structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.

Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.

Salient features of the Representation of People's Act.

Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.

Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies

Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders

Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections

Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources, issues relating to poverty and hunger.

Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.

Role of civil services in a democracy.

India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests

Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora.

Important International institutions, agencies and fora, their structure, mandate.

Gs5

General Studies -IV 250 Marks (Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)

This paper will include questions to test the candidates' attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered.

Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships.

Human Values - lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.

Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service , integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.

Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.

Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.

Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen's

Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.

Case Studies on above issues.

Gs4

General Studies -III 250 Marks (Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)

Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management.

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

Government Budgeting.

Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers

Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

Land reforms in India.

Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.

Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

Investment models.

Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.

indigenization of technology and developing new technology.

Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment

Disaster and disaster management.

Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention

Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism

Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate

Gs3

General Studies -II: 250 Marks (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)

Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.

Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries

Parliament and State Legislatures - structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.

Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.

Salient features of the Representation of People's Act.

Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.

Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies

Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders

Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections

Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources, issues relating to poverty and hunger.

Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.

Role of civil services in a democracy.

India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests

Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests, Indian diaspora.

Important International institutions, agencies and fora, their structure, mandate

Gs2 syallabus

Paper-II

General Studies-I 250 Marks (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)

Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.

Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues

The Freedom Struggle - its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different parts of the country.

Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawing of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.

Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

Role of women and women's organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

Effects of globalization on Indian society

Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

Salient features of world's physical geography.

Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)

Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

Polity Judicial 35

1
According to Article 131,
The SC has original jurisdiction in any dispute -
 between the Government of India & one or more States; or

 between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one
or more other States on the other; or

 between two or more States

2
Article – 226
of the constitution empowers a high court to issue writs.
Also when the chief justice of a High court acts in an administrative capacity,
be is subject to the writ jurisdiction of any other judges of the High court.

3
Under article 236 of the Constitution,
The term "District Judge" includes judge of a
city civil court,
additional district judge,
joint district judge,
assistant district judge,
chief judge of a small cause court,
chief presidency magistrate,
additional chief presidency magistrate,
sessions judge and assistant sessions judge and
additional sessions judge.

4
Wilful disobedience or non-compliance of Court orders and
use of derogatory language about judicial behaviour amount to Contempt of Court.

Judicial activism cannot be practised without arming the
judiciary with punitive powers to punish contemptuous behaviour.

5
As per provisions under Article 143
The Supreme Court of India tenders advice to the President on
a matter of law or fact only if he seeks such advice

6
There are 24 High Courts in India at present.

High Court ARE Six
Bombay
Calcutta
Guwahati
Kerala
Madras
Punjab
Haryana

Judges of the High Court hold office till the age of 62.
Jurisdiction over more than one state.
National Capital Territory of Delhi has High Court of its own.

7
The salaries and allowances of the
Judges of the HC are charged to the Consolidated Fund of the state
but their
pensions are payable as Charged Expenditure /Art 112(3).

8
The power to enlarge the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India
with respect to any matter included in the Union List of Legislative Powers
rests with The Parliament

9
The U.T. of Andaman and Nicobar Islands comes under the jurisdiction of
high court of Calcutta under its extended jurisdiction Act 1953.

10
These provisions are given under Article 233-235 in the chapter of
Subordinate Courts in the Constitution of India.

The highest criminal court of the district is the Court of District and Session Judge

The District Judge are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the High Courts.

A person to be eligible for appointment as a District Judge should be
an advocate or a pleader of seven years’
standing or more, or an officer in judicial service of the Union or the State.

When the sessions judge awards a death sentence,it must be confirmed
by the High Court before it is carried out

11
According to NHRC Act 1993,
only a retired CJI can become chairman of NHRC,
appointed by
President on the recommendation of a committee comprising of
PM,
Speaker of Lok Sabha,
Home Minister,
Leader of Opposition of both Houses of Parliament and
Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha

12
order of precedence in the warrant of precedence

President comes first

Vice-President second

Prime Minister third and

Governors of states fourth

According to Indian order of precedence,
Judges of the Supreme Court – Rank 9
Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha – Rank 10
Attorney General of India – Rank 11
Members of Parliament – Rank 21


13
 There were 21 High Courts in India with three new states created in 2000,
having their own High Courts
Chattisgarh at Bilaspur,
Uttarakhand at Nainital
Jharkhand at Ranchi

Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh have a common HC at Chandigarh

In the year 2013, three new High Courts in the northeast -
Meghalaya,
Manipur
Tripura were created taking the
total number of High Courts in the country from 21 to 24.

National Capital Territory of Delhi has a High Court of its own
which was established in the year 1966.

As Of 2018. There are 24 High courts in India.

14
according to Article 138(1) of the Constitution,
Parliament can enlarge the jurisdiction and powers of the SC wrt
to any of the matters in the Union List.
Whereas SC’s jurisdiction wrt to any other matter can be enlarged by a special
agreement between Government of India and government of the concerned State.

The officers and servants of the Supreme Court and High Courts are
appointed by the concerned Chief Justice and the administrative expenses are
charged on the Consolidated fund of India

15
Article 214 of the Constitution says–There shall be a High Court for each State.
But for twenty-nine states and seven union territories we have only 24 High Courts.

16
PN Bhagwati was CJI during July 1985–Dec 1986.
During his tenure as CJI, PIL was introduced to the Indian judicial system.

17

according to Article 220
after retirementa permanent judge of High Court
shall not plead or
act in a Court
or before any authority in India,
except the SC and a HC other than the HC in which he had
held his office

according to Article 217, a person is not qualified for appointment as a
judge of a High Court in India unless he has for at least
ten years held a judicial office in the territory of India.


18
according to Article 220
after retirementa permanent judge of High Court
shall not plead or
act in a Court
or before any authority in India,
except the SC and a HC other than the HC in which he had
held his office


19
Bombay HC -Maharashtra & Goa
Guwahati HC
Assam, Manipur,Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura,Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh
Punjab and Haryana HC

20
Justice P. N. Bhagwati and Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer
were among the first judges to admit PIL's in the court.

21. (a)
When statutory recognition had been given to Lok Adalat,
it was specifically provided that the award passed by the Lok Adalat
formulating the terms of compromise will have the force of decree of a
court which can be executed as a civil court decree.

No appeal lies against the award of a Lok adalat However award of lok Adalat can be challenged only by
filling writ petition.

The Lok Adalats can deal with all
civil cases,
Matrimonial Disputes,
Land Disputes,
Property disputes,
compensation claims and
compoundable criminal cusses.

22
Cases that are pending in regular courts can be transferred to a Lok Adalat
 if both the parties agree.

These are usually presided over by retired judges,social Activists, or other
members of the legal profession.

Lok Adalats can deal with any matter falling within the jurisdiction whether
it is of civil or criminal in nature.

23
The Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court includes dispute between
the Government of India and one or more States,
and dispute between two and more States.

24

The orders of the Delimitation Commission cannot be challenged in a Court of Law.

When the orders of the Delimitation Commission are laid before the
Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assembly,
they cannot effect any modifications in the orders


25
While appointing the Supreme Court Judges, the President of India has to consult the Chief Justice
of India.

The salaries of the Judges are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India to
which the legislature does not have to vote.


26
 The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the
Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
to provide free Legal Services to The weaker sections of the society and
to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes.

In every state, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect
to the policies and directions of the NALSA and
to give free legal services to the people and conduct Lok Adalats in the State.

27
Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion

Article 15 of the Constitution of India is a Fundamental Rights

Article 14to18 are covered under Right to Equality.

Article 23 and 24  Right against Exploitation.

Article 25to28 - Right to Freedom of Religion.

Article 29 and0 30 - Cultural and Educational Rights


28
No one can be compelled to sing the National Anthem
since:
1. it will be violative of the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression
2. it will be violative of the Right to the Freedom of Conscience and practise and propagation of
religion
3. there is no legal provision obliging anyone to sing the National Anthem

29
Fundamental Rights available only to citizens and not to foreigners:
Rights available under Article-15, 16, 19, 29 & 30.

Fundamental Rights available to bOth citizens and foreigners
except enemy aliens
Rights available under Article –
14, 20 TO 28 AND 21(A)

Article 19(1) (g) of constitution of India provides
Right to practice any profusion or to carry on any occupation,
trade or business to all citizens subject to caution restrictions.


30
Fundamental Rights have been categorised into 6 groups
 Right to Equality (14-18)
 Right to Freedom (19-22)
 Right against Exploitation (23 and 24)
 Right to Freedom of Religion (25 and 28)
 Cultural & Educational Rights (29 and 30)
 Right to Constitutional remedies (32).

31
Right to Constitutional Remedies under article 32 is a Fundamental Right.
It was called the very soul of Indian constitution and very heart of it, by B.R.
Ambedkar

32
Article 301
pertains to Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse.

In the original constitution right to property was a Fundamental Right under Article 19(1) (f).

But 44th Amendment Act, 1978 omitted sub clause f,
and inserted Article 300A to make right to property a legal right

33
34
According to Article 143
Power of President to consult Supreme Court

35
Article : 30 of the constitution of India States that
All minorities (whether religious or linguistic) shall
have the right to establish and administer educational
institutions of their choice.

Article-331 provides for nomination of two anglo-
Indians to the Lok-Sabha.
But as if now their is no provision for the nomination of religious Minorities
to the Lok-Sabha.
However religious minorities can avail benefits from
the prime minister’s 15-point programme.

Constitution and Political System

Constitution & Political System

1
Because only Inter State Council is a constitutional body under article 263.
1. The National Development Council
2. The Governor’s Conference
3. Zonal Councils
are extra-constitutional and extralegal device(s) for securing cooperation and
coordination between the States in India

2
Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a
council or for the creation of such a council in a state having no such council,

if the Legislative Assembly of the state passes a resolution to that effect

by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the
members of the Assembly present and voting.

1. Election of the President
2. Representation of states in the Parliament
3. Lists in the 7th Schedule
are matters on which a
constitutional amendment is possible only with the ratification of the legislature
of not less than one-half of the states

3
According to Article 156,
the Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President,
the Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed
to the President, resign his office.

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this article,
a Governor shall hold for a term of five years from the date on which he
enters upon his office.

Provided that a Governor shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term,
continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.

5
PM resigns, if he loses the majority in the house is
a convention and not mentioned in the constitution.

Conventions are unwritten practices which are
binding on the three organs of the State.

Unlike the
President, the Prime Minister does not have a fixed
tenure.

The full term of the Prime Minister is five years,
which coincides with the normal life of the Lok Sabha.

However, the term can end sooner if he loses the vote
of confidence in the Lower House. So, it can be said
that he remains in power as long as he enjoys the
confidence of the Lok Sabha.

The Prime Minister can also resign by writing to the President.
There are no term limits on the office of the Prime Minister.
There is also no official retirement age.

6
proposed by the
73rd Constitutional Amendment in the area of
Panchayati Raj

Thirty percent seats in all elected rural local
bodies will be reserved for women candidates at
all level

The States will constitute their Finance
Commissions to allocate resources to Panchayati
Raj institutions

The elections will be held in six months time if
Panchayati Raj bodies are superceded or
dissolved by the State government

The Panchayati Raj functionaries will be
disqualified to hold their offices if they have more
than two children
norm is applied in
Haryana, Rajasthan, MP, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.

7
reservation for women in Parliament and state legislature would require a
constitutional amendment.

8

Article 59
The President shall not be a member
of either House of Parliament as per provisions under

Article 79
Parliament shall consist of the President and two Houses.

9
The Constitution of India was
enacted on Nov 26, 1949 but it was
commenced on Jan. 26, 1950.

10
Tenth schedule was added by the 52ndCAA
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985.
It provides for anti-defection law.

11
The Constitution of India recognizes religious and linguistic minorities
under article 29 and 30 (Cultural and Educational rights).
However it does not define the term Minority.

12
An amendment to the Constitution of India can be
initiated by either House of Parliament-LS RS under article 368.
It does not require the President's recommendation.

13. (b) Statement 3 is incorrect as a candidate shall not
be allowed to contest from more than two
constituencies, it also adds options 1 and 2.


73rd Amendment Act added Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution
and Part IX, which provides for the Panchayati Raj System.

Article 350A-7CAA was inserted by 7th Constitutional Amendment act 1956.

A350A It says, it shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority
within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in
the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education
to children belonging to linguistic minority groups;

and the President may issue such directions to any
State as he considers necessary or proper for securing
the provision of such facilities.

Article 349 – Special Procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to
language;

Article 350
Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances

Article 351
Directive for development of the Hindi language.

16
Fourth schedule allocates seats in the Council of States i.e. Rajya Sabha.

17

The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991
Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.
1 February 1990
To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for
Federal National Capital of Delhi.
Delhi continues to be a Union Territory

The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2000
Amend article 3.
27 August 1966
Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and
hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories

The Constitution (Seventy-fifth Amendment) Act. 1994
Amend article 323B.
15 May 1994
Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals.

The Constitution(Eighty-third  Amendment) Act, 2000
Amend article 243M
8 September 2000
Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled Castes
in Panchayati Raj institutions.

18
First schedule contains names of the States and UTs,
that’s why it should be amended, if a new state is created.

Article 54-Election of the PresidentC of India
Article 75-Appointment of the Prime Minister
Article 155-Appointment of the Governor of a State
Article 164-Appointment of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers of a State

44th Before the 42nd amendment,
Article 74(1) stated that,
"there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head
to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions".

However,there was a slight ambiguity whether the
advice of the Council of Ministers is binding on the President.

42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976) made it explicit that
the President shall,
"act in accordance with such advice".

The amendment went into effect from 3 January, 1977.

The 44th Amendment (1978) however added
that the President can send the advice back for reconsideration once.

But if the Council of Ministers sends the same advice again to the President then
the President must accept it.
The amendment went into effect from 20 June, 1979

93CAA
According to 93rd Amendment every Child of the age group of 6-14 years
shall have right to free and compulsory Education.
No child is liable to pay any kind of fee/ capitation fee/ charges.
A collection of capitation fee invites a fine up to 10 times the amount collected.

22. (a) These are Fundamental Rights under Part III of the
Constitutionm, runs from Art 14 – 32.

23
The purpose of DPSP is to establish the social and economic democracy.
Political democracy is established by the Fundamental Rights.

24
DPSP part IV of the Constitution.
Article 51 states that the state shall endeavour
to promote international peace and security.

25. (a) Ninth Schedule was added by First Amendment
Act of 1951, which relates to Land Reforms.

26. (c) President can issue Ordinance under Article 123.

27. (b) Article 143 provides power to the President to
consult the Supreme Court.

28. (d) According Article 355, it shall be the duty of the
Union to protect every State against external
aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure
that the government of every State is carried on in
accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.

29. (d) Borrowed features from different countries are
correct.

30. (c) 7th Amendment Act 1956 provides for
composition of the House of the People and readjustment
after every census. 31st amendment act
1973 provides for raising the upper limit for the
representation of states in the Lok Sabha from 500 to
525 and reducing the upper limit for the
representation of UTs from 25 to 20.

31. (a) The 'First Schedule' of the constitution deals with
list of States and Union Territories.

32. (d) Fourth schedule allocates seats in the Council of
States i.e. Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament).

33. (a) Article 257 in the Constitution states that the
executive power of every State shall be so exercised
as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the
executive power of the Union, and the executive power
of the Union shall extend to the giving of such
directions to a State as may appear to the Government
of India to be necessary for that purpose. Article 258:
Power of the Union to confer powers on the States in
certain cases; Article 355: Duty of the Union to protect
States against external aggression and internal
disturbance; Article 358: Suspension of provisions of
Article 19 during emergencies.

34. (c) These are Fundamental rights under Part III of
the Constitution.

35. (a) Article 24 of the constitution states that, no child
below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to
work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other
hazardous employment.

36. (a)

37. (d) Article 371 A to I deals with special provisions to
-Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim,
Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Goa. The
Constitution of India envisages a single policy for both
Union and the States. A naturalized citizen is one who
acquires citizenship either by Naturalization or by
Registration. They can be deprived of citizenship if
they acquired citizenship by using fraudulent means.

38. (b) The Constitution 98th Amendment Bill, 2003,
seeks to constitute a National Judicial Commission
(NJC) by including Chapter IV-A in Part V of the
Constitution which will be in charge of appointing
judges to the higher judiciary and for transferring
High Court Judges.

39. (c) The Constitution of India has 24 parts, 12
schedules and more than 444 articles at present. In
the original constitution, there were 22 parts, 8
schedules and 395 articles. Ninth Schedule was added
by 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951. Tenth
Schedule was added by 52nd Constitutional
Amendment Act, 1985. Eleventh Schedule was added
by 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. Twelfth
Schedule was added by 74th Constitutional
Amendment Act, 1992.

40. (c) Chairman of different Committees of Constituent
Assembly: Union Power Committee – Jawaharlal
Nehru, Drafting Committee – B R Ambedkar, Flag
Committee – J B Kriplani, Fundamental Rights and
Minority Committee – Vallabh Bhai Patel, Provincial
Constitution Committee – Vallabh Bhai Patel.
Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of the Union
Constitution Committee.

41. (a) Agriculture (Entry 14), Fisheries (Entry 21), Public
Health (Entry 6) are in the State List. Regulation of
Labour and safety in mines and oil fields is in the
Union list under Entry 55 (Art 246).

42. (c) The Indian Parliament has passed the 104th
Constitution Amendment Bill, providing reservations
for the socially and educationally backward classes,
besides the Scheduled Classes and Scheduled Tribes,
in all private aided and unaided educational
institutions.

43. (c) Superintendence, direction and control of
elections to be vested in an Election Commission under
Article 324.

44. (c) Statement 1 is incorrect as this provision was
added by 86th Amendment Act (not 76th ).

45. (a) The above provision has been added by 91st
constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.

46. (b) Statement 1 is incorrect as it is a Fundamental
Right under article 23 of Part III of the constitution.
Statement 2 corresponds to Directive Principles of
State Policy under Article 47 under Part IV of the
Constitution.

47. (b) Fifth schedule relates to the control and
administration of scheduled areas in states other than