Constitution & Political System
1
Because only Inter State Council is a constitutional body under article 263.
1. The National Development Council
2. The Governor’s Conference
3. Zonal Councils
are extra-constitutional and extralegal device(s) for securing cooperation and
coordination between the States in India
2
Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a
council or for the creation of such a council in a state having no such council,
if the Legislative Assembly of the state passes a resolution to that effect
by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the
members of the Assembly present and voting.
1. Election of the President
2. Representation of states in the Parliament
3. Lists in the 7th Schedule
are matters on which a
constitutional amendment is possible only with the ratification of the legislature
of not less than one-half of the states
3
According to Article 156,
the Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President,
the Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed
to the President, resign his office.
Subject to the foregoing provisions of this article,
a Governor shall hold for a term of five years from the date on which he
enters upon his office.
Provided that a Governor shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term,
continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.
5
PM resigns, if he loses the majority in the house is
a convention and not mentioned in the constitution.
Conventions are unwritten practices which are
binding on the three organs of the State.
Unlike the
President, the Prime Minister does not have a fixed
tenure.
The full term of the Prime Minister is five years,
which coincides with the normal life of the Lok Sabha.
However, the term can end sooner if he loses the vote
of confidence in the Lower House. So, it can be said
that he remains in power as long as he enjoys the
confidence of the Lok Sabha.
The Prime Minister can also resign by writing to the President.
There are no term limits on the office of the Prime Minister.
There is also no official retirement age.
6
proposed by the
73rd Constitutional Amendment in the area of
Panchayati Raj
Thirty percent seats in all elected rural local
bodies will be reserved for women candidates at
all level
The States will constitute their Finance
Commissions to allocate resources to Panchayati
Raj institutions
The elections will be held in six months time if
Panchayati Raj bodies are superceded or
dissolved by the State government
The Panchayati Raj functionaries will be
disqualified to hold their offices if they have more
than two children
norm is applied in
Haryana, Rajasthan, MP, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
7
reservation for women in Parliament and state legislature would require a
constitutional amendment.
8
Article 59
The President shall not be a member
of either House of Parliament as per provisions under
Article 79
Parliament shall consist of the President and two Houses.
9
The Constitution of India was
enacted on Nov 26, 1949 but it was
commenced on Jan. 26, 1950.
10
Tenth schedule was added by the 52ndCAA
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985.
It provides for anti-defection law.
11
The Constitution of India recognizes religious and linguistic minorities
under article 29 and 30 (Cultural and Educational rights).
However it does not define the term Minority.
12
An amendment to the Constitution of India can be
initiated by either House of Parliament-LS RS under article 368.
It does not require the President's recommendation.
13. (b) Statement 3 is incorrect as a candidate shall not
be allowed to contest from more than two
constituencies, it also adds options 1 and 2.
73rd Amendment Act added Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution
and Part IX, which provides for the Panchayati Raj System.
Article 350A-7CAA was inserted by 7th Constitutional Amendment act 1956.
A350A It says, it shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority
within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in
the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education
to children belonging to linguistic minority groups;
and the President may issue such directions to any
State as he considers necessary or proper for securing
the provision of such facilities.
Article 349 – Special Procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to
language;
Article 350
Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances
Article 351
Directive for development of the Hindi language.
16
Fourth schedule allocates seats in the Council of States i.e. Rajya Sabha.
17
The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991
Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.
1 February 1990
To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for
Federal National Capital of Delhi.
Delhi continues to be a Union Territory
The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2000
Amend article 3.
27 August 1966
Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and
hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories
The Constitution (Seventy-fifth Amendment) Act. 1994
Amend article 323B.
15 May 1994
Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals.
The Constitution(Eighty-third Amendment) Act, 2000
Amend article 243M
8 September 2000
Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled Castes
in Panchayati Raj institutions.
18
First schedule contains names of the States and UTs,
that’s why it should be amended, if a new state is created.
Article 54-Election of the PresidentC of India
Article 75-Appointment of the Prime Minister
Article 155-Appointment of the Governor of a State
Article 164-Appointment of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers of a State
44th Before the 42nd amendment,
Article 74(1) stated that,
"there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head
to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions".
However,there was a slight ambiguity whether the
advice of the Council of Ministers is binding on the President.
42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976) made it explicit that
the President shall,
"act in accordance with such advice".
The amendment went into effect from 3 January, 1977.
The 44th Amendment (1978) however added
that the President can send the advice back for reconsideration once.
But if the Council of Ministers sends the same advice again to the President then
the President must accept it.
The amendment went into effect from 20 June, 1979
93CAA
According to 93rd Amendment every Child of the age group of 6-14 years
shall have right to free and compulsory Education.
No child is liable to pay any kind of fee/ capitation fee/ charges.
A collection of capitation fee invites a fine up to 10 times the amount collected.
22. (a) These are Fundamental Rights under Part III of the
Constitutionm, runs from Art 14 – 32.
23
The purpose of DPSP is to establish the social and economic democracy.
Political democracy is established by the Fundamental Rights.
24
DPSP part IV of the Constitution.
Article 51 states that the state shall endeavour
to promote international peace and security.
25. (a) Ninth Schedule was added by First Amendment
Act of 1951, which relates to Land Reforms.
26. (c) President can issue Ordinance under Article 123.
27. (b) Article 143 provides power to the President to
consult the Supreme Court.
28. (d) According Article 355, it shall be the duty of the
Union to protect every State against external
aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure
that the government of every State is carried on in
accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
29. (d) Borrowed features from different countries are
correct.
30. (c) 7th Amendment Act 1956 provides for
composition of the House of the People and readjustment
after every census. 31st amendment act
1973 provides for raising the upper limit for the
representation of states in the Lok Sabha from 500 to
525 and reducing the upper limit for the
representation of UTs from 25 to 20.
31. (a) The 'First Schedule' of the constitution deals with
list of States and Union Territories.
32. (d) Fourth schedule allocates seats in the Council of
States i.e. Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament).
33. (a) Article 257 in the Constitution states that the
executive power of every State shall be so exercised
as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the
executive power of the Union, and the executive power
of the Union shall extend to the giving of such
directions to a State as may appear to the Government
of India to be necessary for that purpose. Article 258:
Power of the Union to confer powers on the States in
certain cases; Article 355: Duty of the Union to protect
States against external aggression and internal
disturbance; Article 358: Suspension of provisions of
Article 19 during emergencies.
34. (c) These are Fundamental rights under Part III of
the Constitution.
35. (a) Article 24 of the constitution states that, no child
below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to
work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other
hazardous employment.
36. (a)
37. (d) Article 371 A to I deals with special provisions to
-Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim,
Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Goa. The
Constitution of India envisages a single policy for both
Union and the States. A naturalized citizen is one who
acquires citizenship either by Naturalization or by
Registration. They can be deprived of citizenship if
they acquired citizenship by using fraudulent means.
38. (b) The Constitution 98th Amendment Bill, 2003,
seeks to constitute a National Judicial Commission
(NJC) by including Chapter IV-A in Part V of the
Constitution which will be in charge of appointing
judges to the higher judiciary and for transferring
High Court Judges.
39. (c) The Constitution of India has 24 parts, 12
schedules and more than 444 articles at present. In
the original constitution, there were 22 parts, 8
schedules and 395 articles. Ninth Schedule was added
by 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951. Tenth
Schedule was added by 52nd Constitutional
Amendment Act, 1985. Eleventh Schedule was added
by 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. Twelfth
Schedule was added by 74th Constitutional
Amendment Act, 1992.
40. (c) Chairman of different Committees of Constituent
Assembly: Union Power Committee – Jawaharlal
Nehru, Drafting Committee – B R Ambedkar, Flag
Committee – J B Kriplani, Fundamental Rights and
Minority Committee – Vallabh Bhai Patel, Provincial
Constitution Committee – Vallabh Bhai Patel.
Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of the Union
Constitution Committee.
41. (a) Agriculture (Entry 14), Fisheries (Entry 21), Public
Health (Entry 6) are in the State List. Regulation of
Labour and safety in mines and oil fields is in the
Union list under Entry 55 (Art 246).
42. (c) The Indian Parliament has passed the 104th
Constitution Amendment Bill, providing reservations
for the socially and educationally backward classes,
besides the Scheduled Classes and Scheduled Tribes,
in all private aided and unaided educational
institutions.
43. (c) Superintendence, direction and control of
elections to be vested in an Election Commission under
Article 324.
44. (c) Statement 1 is incorrect as this provision was
added by 86th Amendment Act (not 76th ).
45. (a) The above provision has been added by 91st
constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.
46. (b) Statement 1 is incorrect as it is a Fundamental
Right under article 23 of Part III of the constitution.
Statement 2 corresponds to Directive Principles of
State Policy under Article 47 under Part IV of the
Constitution.
47. (b) Fifth schedule relates to the control and
administration of scheduled areas in states other than
1
Because only Inter State Council is a constitutional body under article 263.
1. The National Development Council
2. The Governor’s Conference
3. Zonal Councils
are extra-constitutional and extralegal device(s) for securing cooperation and
coordination between the States in India
2
Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a
council or for the creation of such a council in a state having no such council,
if the Legislative Assembly of the state passes a resolution to that effect
by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the
members of the Assembly present and voting.
1. Election of the President
2. Representation of states in the Parliament
3. Lists in the 7th Schedule
are matters on which a
constitutional amendment is possible only with the ratification of the legislature
of not less than one-half of the states
3
According to Article 156,
the Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President,
the Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed
to the President, resign his office.
Subject to the foregoing provisions of this article,
a Governor shall hold for a term of five years from the date on which he
enters upon his office.
Provided that a Governor shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term,
continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.
5
PM resigns, if he loses the majority in the house is
a convention and not mentioned in the constitution.
Conventions are unwritten practices which are
binding on the three organs of the State.
Unlike the
President, the Prime Minister does not have a fixed
tenure.
The full term of the Prime Minister is five years,
which coincides with the normal life of the Lok Sabha.
However, the term can end sooner if he loses the vote
of confidence in the Lower House. So, it can be said
that he remains in power as long as he enjoys the
confidence of the Lok Sabha.
The Prime Minister can also resign by writing to the President.
There are no term limits on the office of the Prime Minister.
There is also no official retirement age.
6
proposed by the
73rd Constitutional Amendment in the area of
Panchayati Raj
Thirty percent seats in all elected rural local
bodies will be reserved for women candidates at
all level
The States will constitute their Finance
Commissions to allocate resources to Panchayati
Raj institutions
The elections will be held in six months time if
Panchayati Raj bodies are superceded or
dissolved by the State government
The Panchayati Raj functionaries will be
disqualified to hold their offices if they have more
than two children
norm is applied in
Haryana, Rajasthan, MP, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
7
reservation for women in Parliament and state legislature would require a
constitutional amendment.
8
Article 59
The President shall not be a member
of either House of Parliament as per provisions under
Article 79
Parliament shall consist of the President and two Houses.
9
The Constitution of India was
enacted on Nov 26, 1949 but it was
commenced on Jan. 26, 1950.
10
Tenth schedule was added by the 52ndCAA
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985.
It provides for anti-defection law.
11
The Constitution of India recognizes religious and linguistic minorities
under article 29 and 30 (Cultural and Educational rights).
However it does not define the term Minority.
12
An amendment to the Constitution of India can be
initiated by either House of Parliament-LS RS under article 368.
It does not require the President's recommendation.
13. (b) Statement 3 is incorrect as a candidate shall not
be allowed to contest from more than two
constituencies, it also adds options 1 and 2.
73rd Amendment Act added Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution
and Part IX, which provides for the Panchayati Raj System.
Article 350A-7CAA was inserted by 7th Constitutional Amendment act 1956.
A350A It says, it shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority
within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in
the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education
to children belonging to linguistic minority groups;
and the President may issue such directions to any
State as he considers necessary or proper for securing
the provision of such facilities.
Article 349 – Special Procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to
language;
Article 350
Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances
Article 351
Directive for development of the Hindi language.
16
Fourth schedule allocates seats in the Council of States i.e. Rajya Sabha.
17
The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991
Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.
1 February 1990
To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for
Federal National Capital of Delhi.
Delhi continues to be a Union Territory
The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2000
Amend article 3.
27 August 1966
Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and
hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories
The Constitution (Seventy-fifth Amendment) Act. 1994
Amend article 323B.
15 May 1994
Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals.
The Constitution(Eighty-third Amendment) Act, 2000
Amend article 243M
8 September 2000
Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled Castes
in Panchayati Raj institutions.
18
First schedule contains names of the States and UTs,
that’s why it should be amended, if a new state is created.
Article 54-Election of the PresidentC of India
Article 75-Appointment of the Prime Minister
Article 155-Appointment of the Governor of a State
Article 164-Appointment of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers of a State
44th Before the 42nd amendment,
Article 74(1) stated that,
"there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head
to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions".
However,there was a slight ambiguity whether the
advice of the Council of Ministers is binding on the President.
42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976) made it explicit that
the President shall,
"act in accordance with such advice".
The amendment went into effect from 3 January, 1977.
The 44th Amendment (1978) however added
that the President can send the advice back for reconsideration once.
But if the Council of Ministers sends the same advice again to the President then
the President must accept it.
The amendment went into effect from 20 June, 1979
93CAA
According to 93rd Amendment every Child of the age group of 6-14 years
shall have right to free and compulsory Education.
No child is liable to pay any kind of fee/ capitation fee/ charges.
A collection of capitation fee invites a fine up to 10 times the amount collected.
22. (a) These are Fundamental Rights under Part III of the
Constitutionm, runs from Art 14 – 32.
23
The purpose of DPSP is to establish the social and economic democracy.
Political democracy is established by the Fundamental Rights.
24
DPSP part IV of the Constitution.
Article 51 states that the state shall endeavour
to promote international peace and security.
25. (a) Ninth Schedule was added by First Amendment
Act of 1951, which relates to Land Reforms.
26. (c) President can issue Ordinance under Article 123.
27. (b) Article 143 provides power to the President to
consult the Supreme Court.
28. (d) According Article 355, it shall be the duty of the
Union to protect every State against external
aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure
that the government of every State is carried on in
accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
29. (d) Borrowed features from different countries are
correct.
30. (c) 7th Amendment Act 1956 provides for
composition of the House of the People and readjustment
after every census. 31st amendment act
1973 provides for raising the upper limit for the
representation of states in the Lok Sabha from 500 to
525 and reducing the upper limit for the
representation of UTs from 25 to 20.
31. (a) The 'First Schedule' of the constitution deals with
list of States and Union Territories.
32. (d) Fourth schedule allocates seats in the Council of
States i.e. Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament).
33. (a) Article 257 in the Constitution states that the
executive power of every State shall be so exercised
as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the
executive power of the Union, and the executive power
of the Union shall extend to the giving of such
directions to a State as may appear to the Government
of India to be necessary for that purpose. Article 258:
Power of the Union to confer powers on the States in
certain cases; Article 355: Duty of the Union to protect
States against external aggression and internal
disturbance; Article 358: Suspension of provisions of
Article 19 during emergencies.
34. (c) These are Fundamental rights under Part III of
the Constitution.
35. (a) Article 24 of the constitution states that, no child
below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to
work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other
hazardous employment.
36. (a)
37. (d) Article 371 A to I deals with special provisions to
-Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim,
Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Goa. The
Constitution of India envisages a single policy for both
Union and the States. A naturalized citizen is one who
acquires citizenship either by Naturalization or by
Registration. They can be deprived of citizenship if
they acquired citizenship by using fraudulent means.
38. (b) The Constitution 98th Amendment Bill, 2003,
seeks to constitute a National Judicial Commission
(NJC) by including Chapter IV-A in Part V of the
Constitution which will be in charge of appointing
judges to the higher judiciary and for transferring
High Court Judges.
39. (c) The Constitution of India has 24 parts, 12
schedules and more than 444 articles at present. In
the original constitution, there were 22 parts, 8
schedules and 395 articles. Ninth Schedule was added
by 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951. Tenth
Schedule was added by 52nd Constitutional
Amendment Act, 1985. Eleventh Schedule was added
by 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. Twelfth
Schedule was added by 74th Constitutional
Amendment Act, 1992.
40. (c) Chairman of different Committees of Constituent
Assembly: Union Power Committee – Jawaharlal
Nehru, Drafting Committee – B R Ambedkar, Flag
Committee – J B Kriplani, Fundamental Rights and
Minority Committee – Vallabh Bhai Patel, Provincial
Constitution Committee – Vallabh Bhai Patel.
Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of the Union
Constitution Committee.
41. (a) Agriculture (Entry 14), Fisheries (Entry 21), Public
Health (Entry 6) are in the State List. Regulation of
Labour and safety in mines and oil fields is in the
Union list under Entry 55 (Art 246).
42. (c) The Indian Parliament has passed the 104th
Constitution Amendment Bill, providing reservations
for the socially and educationally backward classes,
besides the Scheduled Classes and Scheduled Tribes,
in all private aided and unaided educational
institutions.
43. (c) Superintendence, direction and control of
elections to be vested in an Election Commission under
Article 324.
44. (c) Statement 1 is incorrect as this provision was
added by 86th Amendment Act (not 76th ).
45. (a) The above provision has been added by 91st
constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.
46. (b) Statement 1 is incorrect as it is a Fundamental
Right under article 23 of Part III of the constitution.
Statement 2 corresponds to Directive Principles of
State Policy under Article 47 under Part IV of the
Constitution.
47. (b) Fifth schedule relates to the control and
administration of scheduled areas in states other than
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